Ʈ츶(Trauma) ִ

ش Ʈ Ǵ ϰų, ̷ ߾ٴ ˰ Ǿ , ׸ ̷ ڱؿ Ǿ ް Ǿ , ش οԴ Ʈ츶(Trauma) ֽϴ.


(, , ̹󿡼 )

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(: , ߶, , ͻ硤 , , ȭ, , )

׷

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ִ ɰ

ü Ǵ ش

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Ÿ

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б°

ܿ ش ο ش Ʈ ִ

Ʈ츶(Trauma) ɸ

Ʈ츶(Trauma) Ǿ, ش Ѵ ̻ Ⱓ ǿ ħ  ؼ ɸ ϰ, ̷ ߽ų ִ ڱص鿡 ؼ ȸϸ, ǰ Ͽ ųü ȭ Ǹ鼭, ü ݵʿ ɼ ϸ ̰ , DSM-5(APA, 2013)¿ܻ Ʈ (PTSD: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) ִٰ ϴ.

̷ Ʈ츶(Trauma) 鿡 ʰ ä Ű Ӹӿ ְ , ̰͵ Ǿ λ̾߱ ü յ ,ܻ Ʈ ӵ˴ϴ.

, ؼ Ⱓ ӵ Ʈ츶(Trauma) 쿡 , Ÿ ҽ, ڽſ , Ư Ͱ üȭ, Ͻα̳ Ͱ ظ ̱⵵ ϴµ, ̴ ܻ ı Ǵ ܻ Ʈ (Complex PTSD) θϴ.

Ʈ츶(Trauma) ɸġ

PTSD ַ ġῡ ɸġ ȿ ִ ˷ ִµ, ġ Ʈ츶(Trauma) аȭ ǥ Ͽ, Ʈ츶 ó ա Ŵν, PTSD ȭȿ ֽϴ.

ٸ, Ϻ PTSD ̿ܿ, پ ɸ ϸ鼭, ȭ ϻ ɼ ϵǾ ִ 찡 κ̱ , ġ ʱ⿡ ġḦ ״ ų ϴ.

, ġḦ ǽϰ , ش οԴ Ʈ츶(Trauma) ȸ ݵDZ , ɷ° ϻ ִ ɷ , ȭ ɷ Ǿ մϴ.

Ư, ش ݺ̰ ȭ ΰ Ʈ츶(Trauma) ؼ ɸ ̰ , Ʈ츶(Trauma) ó ռ, ȭ ϴ ܰ ġ(Phase-Based Treatment Approach) ǰ˴ϴ. (Cloitre, Courtois, Charuvastra, Carapezza, Stolbach, & Green, 2011; Cloitre, Stovall-McClough, Nooner, Zorbas, Cherry, Jackson, Gan, & Petkova, 2010; Herman, 1992)

ȭ ܰ(Stabilization Phase) 1ܰ(Phase. 1) ġν, Ʈ츶(Trauma) óϱ⿡ ռ, ΰ, Ʒ̳ ΰ Ʒ, ׸ ̳ õ ˹ߴܼκ ϰ ó ִ ɷ Ű ǥ մϴ.

ó ܰ 2ܰ(Phase. 2) ġν, ܻ Ʈ ȭ۵ ȿ ִٰ ˷ ɸġ̸, ġ, EMDR, óġ, üġ(Somatic Experiencing, Sensorymotor Psychotherapy) Ե˴ϴ.

ֿ Ʈ츶 ȸ(ISTSS: International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies) ǥ Ʈ츶 TF(Complex Trauma Task Force) ϸ, ΰ Ʈ츶(Trauma) ؼ ɸ ( PTSD) , Ϲ 1ܰ ȭ ּ 6 Ⱓ, 2ܰ Ʈ츶(Trauma) ó ܰ ּ 3 ~ 6 Ⱓ ʿ ϰ ֽϴ. (Cloitre, Courtois, Ford, Green, Alexander, Briere, Herman, Lanius, Stolbach, Spinazzola, Van der Kolk, & Van der Hart, 2012)

ٰű Ʈ츶 ɸġ

̱ɸȸ Task Force Team(American Psychological Association, 2006) Ȯ Ǵ ٰű ɸġ(Evidence-Based Psychotherapy) ϰ , ̱ɸȸ а 12(Society of Clinical Psychology) ɸ ֿ ֿ ɸġ ȿ õ ϰ ֽϴ.

̿ , PTSD ȿ ٷ ٰű Ʈ츶 ɸġ ϴ.

óġ (CPT: Cognitive Processing Therapy)

ȱ аȭ óġ (EMDR: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing)

ġ (PE: Prolonged Exposure)

߽ġ (PFT: Present-Focused Therapy)

ġ (SS: Seeking Safety)

óġ (CPT: Cognitive Processing Therapy)

Resick Schnicke(1994) óġ(CPT: Cognitive Processing Therapy) 2ܰ踦 ϴ ġν, پ Ʈ츶(Trauma) Ͽ PTSD µ ȿ ġ ˷ ֽϴ.

, س ڻ õ, 빮 ִ 쿡 ϵ ǰϰ ֽϴ. (Chard, 2005; Macdonald, Monson, Doron-Lamarca, Resick, & Palfai, 2011; Monson, Schnurr,Resick, Friedman, Young-Xu, & Stevens, 2006; Monson, Macdonald, Vorstenbosch, Shnaider, Goldstein, Ferrier-Auerbach, & Mocciola, 2012; Resick. Galovski, Uhlmansiek,Scher, Clum, & Young-Xu, 2008)

CPT ó̷(Information Processing Theory) ϸ, Ʈ츶 ϰ ִ (Schema) 浹 , ϰ ó ϰ ڽ ϴ óϰų(Assimilation, : ߸߱ ̴.), ų ٲٴ (Accommodation, : ߸ µ ̷ ϴ.) óϴ , PTSD ٰ̾ ֽϴ.

CPT ڵ Ʈ츶(Trauma) 迡 ó Ͽ Ʈ츶 ų ǿ ȣ  ְ ް Ͽ мϰ, Ʈ츶 ǹ(ڽŰ Ÿο ŷڡɷ¡ģа) 籸ϴ 籸 ۾ ٽ ٷϴ.

ȱ аȭ óġ (EMDR: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing)

Shapiro(1995) ȱ аȭ óġ(EMDR: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) 2ܰ踦 ٷ ġν, PTSD ̴(Ư, ħ ) پ Ʈ츶 ڵ ȭ ȿ ġ ˷ , ش ɸ ϰ ְų, ȸ ġῡ ϰ ֽϴ. (Boudewyns, Stwertka, Hyer, Albrecht, & Sperr, 1993; Devilly & Spence, 1999; Jensen, 1994; Rothbaum, 1997; Wilson, Becker, & Tinker, 1995)

EMDR ó (Adaptive Information Processing Model) ϸ, PTSD õ Ʈ츶(Trauma) , ÿ ߾ -(State-Dependent) ·ν ٸ и · Ǿ ֱ , Ʈ츶(Trauma) Ű Ȳ ˹ߵǴ ϰ ֽϴ.

Ǿ ִ ٸ Ǿ յǵ ϱ ؼ, Ʈ츶(Trauma) õ (: ɻü ) Ǹ ̰ ӹ ϸ鼭, ڱ(Bilateral Stimulation) ִ մϴ.

ֱ , ȱ ڱ ߿伺 ٴ ڱ տ ȴٴ ϰ , Ư, Ʈ츶(Trauma) ȸ ȱ پ · õǴ ڱ ̳ ߴ Ͽ ȮεǾϴ. (Engelhard, van Uijen, & van den Hout, 2010; Gunter & Bodner, 2008; Kemps & Tiggemann, 2007; Kemps & Tiggemann, 2007)

ġ (PE: Prolonged Exposure)

Foa, Hearst, Dancu, Hembree Jaycox(1994) ġ(PE: Prolonged Exposure) 2ܰ踦 ٷ ġν, PTSD شϴ ߿,ش ɸ (: ڻ̳ Ÿؿ , ɰ ڱıൿ, ߵ , ź , Ʈ츶 ) ϰ, ȭ ܱġḦϿ, ȿ PTSD ȭŰ ˷ ֽϴ. (Bryant, Moulds, Guthrie, Dang, Mastrodomenico, Nixon, Felmingham, Hopwood, & Creamer, 2008; Foa, Hembree, Cahill, Rauch, Riggs, Feeny, & Yadin, 2005; Foa, Dancu, Hembree, Jaycox, Meadows, & Street, 1999; Nacasch, Foa, Huppert, Tzur, Fostick, Dinstein, Polliack, Zohar, 2011; Resick, Nishith, Weaver, Astin, & Feuer, 2002; Taylor, Thordarson, Maxfield, Fedoroff, Lovell, Ogrodniczuk, 2003)

PE ó̷(Emotional Processing Theory) ġν, ó̷п ϸ, Ʈ츶 õ DZ , ܼ鿡Ե , ӵǴ ȸǷ Ͽ ο հ н Ǵ PTSD ϴ ϴ.

PE ҾȰ ȭŰ Ȳ Ͽ аȭŰ, ȭ ϰ մϴ.

߽ġ (PFT: Present-Focused Therapy)

Classen, Butler Spiegel(2001) ߽ġ(PFT: Present-Focused Therapy) 1ܰ迡 شϴ ġν, Ƶ⿡ ݺ д ִ ߿ ŷ ְ ģ 鼭, ൿ ̴ ȿ ɸġԴϴ.

ٸ, ź, ֱ ڻ, Ǵ ൿ , 빮 ̴ 쿡 ġῡ ϰ ֽϴ. (Classen, Cavanaugh, Kaupp, Aggarwal, Palesh, Koopman, Kraemer, & Spiegel, 2011; McDonagh, McHugo, Sengupta, Demment, Schnurr, Friedman, Ford, Mueser, Fournier, & Descamps, 2005; Schnurr, Friedman, Foy, Shea, Hsieh, Lavori, Glynn, Watenberg, & Bernardy, 2003)

PFT ϸ, д Ÿο ŷڰ ջѼ, ΰ ų ǰ, ̿ Ͽ ڽſ ǹ̵ ȭ Ǿ, ڱų ϰ Ǵ , Ʈ츶(Trauma) õ ֿ ɸ ϴ.

ġῡ ϻ󿡼 Ʈ츶(Trauma) ൿ (: ٽ д ڰ , ൿ , 빮) Ըϰ, ڽŰ Ÿο ų籸Ͽ, ģϰ ŷ ִ ΰ踦 ֵ մϴ.

ġ (SS: Seeking Safety)

Najavits(2002) ġ(SS: Seeking Safety) 1ܰ迡 شϴ ġν, PTSD 빮 ̴ µ ȿ ġ ˷ , پ ܵ鿡 λ Ǵ ܻ · Ǿ, ġ ȿ Ǿϴ. (Hien, Cohen, Litt, Miele, & Capstick, 2004; Morrissey, Jackson, Ellis, Amaro, Brown, & Najavits, 2005; Najavits, Gallop, & Weiss, 2006; Zlotnick, Johnson, & Najavits, 2009)

SS ൿġ ϴ (Integrated Model) ٰϿ, ɸ Ʈ츶 õ ִٴ ν , е 浿 ϱ ó , Ʈ츶(Trauma) õ ɸ Ű ϴ.

SS, PTSD ๰빮 ִ ̰ ִ 빮 ش ɸ (: ڻ浿̳ ظ ), ׸ ı ൿκ ڽ üɸ Ȯϰ ϴµ ִ, ó Ʒ ٽ ٷ ˴ϴ.

ൿġ (DBT: Dialectical Behavior Therapy)

Linehan(1993) ൿġ(DBT: Dialectical Behavior Therapy) 1ܰ迡 ش ִ ġν, ش ǥν ڱ-ı ൿ(Self-Destructive Behaviors) ɰ ൿ̳ ڻ 浿 ̴ Ͽ ߵ ġ, ַ 輱 (BPD: Borderline Personality Disorder) ȿ ġ ˷ ֽϴ.

Ʈ츶 ɸ , 輱 ֿ ӻε еǴ Ư ϰ (Cloitre, Garvert, Weiss, Carlson, & Bryant, 2014), , DBT Ʈ츶 ȭ ġ ƴ, ش Ʈ Ʈ츶 ִ δ, ġ ȿ Ǿϴ.

DBT ȸ ̷ ϴµ, ̿ ϸ, ༺(: ڱؿ õõ ΰ, , ð ҿǴ ) , ڽŵ Ư Ÿȭ ϴ ȯ ȣۿ ӿ, ϰ ȴٰ ϴ.

DBT ġ Ǵ ġ ·ν, ΰ ȿ Ʒ ַ ٷ ˴ϴ.

STAIR (Skills Training in Affective and Interpersonal Regulation)

STAIR 'Skills Training in Affective and Interpersonal Regulation' ڷν, Cloitre, Cohen, & Koenen (2006), Ʈ츶 ڵ ɸġḦ Ͽ α׷ ǹմϴ.

STAIR α׷ Ƶ Ʈ츶(Trauma) ڵ Ͽ, پ Ʈ츶(Trauma) ڵ , ġ ȿ ɸġ α׷Դϴ.

STAIR α׷ Ƶ Ʈ츶(Trauma) Ͽ, ̳ ΰ н ִ ȸ ϴµ ΰ ִµ, ش α׷ ΰ õ ڿ ȭŰ 'ڿȭ' ٰ Ǿ ֽϴ.

STAIR α׷ ΰ ֵ ȭ Ǿ , ڿ ȭų ֵ, ܰ Ǿ ֽϴ.

ܻ Ʈ ȭŰ , Ʈ츶(Trauma) óϴ ɸġῡ ⿡ ռ, ̳ ΰ ڿ ȭǸ, ɸġ ȿ ϴٴ ȮεǾϴ.

STAIR
SE (Somatic Experiencing)

SE Levine(Ph.D) ڻ翡 Ұ Ʈ츶 ɸġν, ü ϰ ִ Ʈ츶(Trauma) ϰ ذϰ ȸ۵ ־, ɸġ ϳ ޵ǰ ֽϴ.

Ʈ츶(Trauma) , ǽļ󿡼 ø鼭 ִ ( )ε , Ű ؿ ġ (Ϲ ) ·ε ÿ DZ , ĥ ֽϴ.

ü ܻ Ʈ ߽Ű ƴ, ش ش ߾ ÿ پ ־ 鼭, ڽ ȣϰ ϱ ϰ Ǹ, Ű谡 ʰ ұ ° ǰ Ǵµ, ̰ ٷ ܻ Ʈ SE մϴ.

SE, ش Ű ¸ ã ֵ ϴµ ־, ִ ɸġ Ұմϴ.

̸ Ͽ SE, ź¼ ü ڰϰ ϰ, ̹  Ӹ ƴ϶, ش ǿ ü̳ ߵ ֵ ϴ Ű ϸ鼭, ڰ Ű αŰ ȣۿ ȸ ֵ ϴµ ־, ݴϴ.